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Eastern Hemlock

Tsuga canadensis

Conifer

About Eastern Hemlock

Eastern Hemlock is an elegant, shade-tolerant conifer found throughout the Appalachian region and northeastern forests. It is valued for its graceful, drooping branches and fine-textured foliage. This species is currently threatened by the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid, which has caused widespread mortality.

Quick Facts

Native Range
Eastern North America
Hardiness Zones
3-7
Mature Height
40-70 feet
Growth Rate
Slow to Moderate
Sun Requirements
Partial shade to full shade; tolerates deep shade
Soil Preference
Cool, moist, well-drained, acidic soils

How to Identify Eastern Hemlock

  • Short, flat needles with two white stripes underneath, attached by tiny stalks
  • Small, oval cones about 3/4 inch long hanging from branch tips
  • Scaly, reddish-brown to gray bark with deep furrows on old trees
  • Graceful, nodding terminal leader
  • Dense, pyramidal form with feathery, drooping branches

Care Guide

  • Monitor for hemlock woolly adelgid (white, cottony masses at needle bases)
  • Treat infested trees with systemic insecticides or horticultural oil
  • Keep soil consistently moist; hemlocks are drought-sensitive
  • Mulch generously to maintain cool, moist root conditions
  • Prune in late winter; responds well to shearing for hedges

Known Issues (1)

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