Mulching

Mulching is one of the simplest and most beneficial practices for tree health. A proper mulch ring of organic material like wood chips or shredded bark conserves soil moisture, moderates soil temperature extremes, suppresses competing weeds and turf, and gradually improves soil structure as it decomposes. It also protects the trunk from mechanical damage by mowers and string trimmers.

The correct technique is to spread mulch in a ring two to four inches deep extending to the drip line or at least three to four feet from the trunk. Critically, mulch must be kept several inches away from the trunk itself. The practice of piling mulch against the trunk, known as volcano mulching, is harmful because it traps moisture against the bark, promotes decay, encourages girdling roots, and can harbor pests.

Different mulch materials offer different benefits. Coarse wood chips are among the best options because they decompose slowly, resist compaction, and promote beneficial fungal activity in the soil. Fine-textured mulches like shredded hardwood break down faster and may mat together, reducing water infiltration. Inorganic mulches like gravel do not improve soil but can be appropriate in certain landscape settings.